This insightful book (ISBN: 0-9764543-0-0) explores the critical relationship between the development of childhood reflexes and the nervous system. Written by Sally Goddard, the text provides a clear, scientific explanation of how primitive reflexes serve as essential building blocks for the development of higher-order neurological functions.
Absent Reflexes
The absence of certain reflexes—or their persistence beyond expected developmental stages—can indicate delays or dysfunctions in the central nervous system. Sally Goddard outlines not only why these reflexes matter but also how to identify potential risks in a child’s development and help them overcome obstacles that may impede success in school or life.
“It is the purpose of this book to provide not only the WHY, but to suggest the HOW to identify the child at risk and overcome the obstacles which keep children from succeeding in school and in life.”
Primitive Reflexes and Their Impact on Development:
Moro Reflex:
Known as the “startle reflex,” this develops soon after birth and helps infants respond to sudden changes. If retained, it can contribute to sensory overload, anxiety, and difficulty regulating emotions.
Rooting Reflex:
Helps newborns turn toward the stimulus and seek nourishment by sucking. If retained, it can affect speech development and fine motor control of the mouth.
Palmar Grasp Reflex:
Causes infants to grip anything placed in their palm. If retained, it may interfere with hand-eye coordination and fine motor skills later in life.
Tonic Neck Reflex:
Also called the “fencing reflex,” it links head movement with arm extension. Retention may disrupt hand-eye coordination and crossing the body’s midline, crucial for reading and writing.
Spinal Galant Reflex:
A movement response triggered by stroking the back. If retained, it can lead to physical discomfort, sensitivity issues, and challenges with focus.
STNR (Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex):
Enables the coordination needed for crawling. If retained, it may affect posture, attention, and the ability to sit still and focus.
Plantar Reflex:
The opposite of the Babinski reflex, causing the foot to curl down when stimulated. Retention can interfere with walking gait and other gross motor skills.
Babinski Reflex:
Observed when the sole of the foot is stroked, causing toes to fan out. If retained, it can indicate neurological delays and challenges with balance and mobility.
Fear Paralysis Reflex:
A primal reflex linked to survival responses. If retained, it can lead to heightened anxiety, difficulty socializing, and an exaggerated stress response.
Landau Reflex:
Helps the infant lift their head and torso when supported on their stomach. Absence can affect gross motor skills and postural development.
Why Reflex Development Matters:
Reflex integration is essential for the nervous system to advance from instinctive reactions to voluntary control of movement and cognitive processes. Reflexes form the foundation for physical, emotional, and intellectual growth. When reflexes are not properly integrated, children may struggle with challenges such as poor motor skills, sensory processing difficulties, or delays in academic achievement.
Summary
This book provides a window into understanding a child’s developmental process and offers guidance on how to support children at risk, ensuring their potential for thriving both in school and beyond.
